CARDIAC MORPHOLOGY OF Chelonoidis carbonaria
Hyaline cartilage; cavum; circulation; reptiles; testudine; vases.
Chelonoidis carbonaria (SPIX, 1824) is a chelonian belonging to the Cryptodira suborder that is distinguished mainly by the red or orange coloration of its scales on its head and limbs. The circulatory system of these animals required morphological adaptations to allow the transition between terrestrial and aquatic environments. Therefore, studies correlating the cardiac characteristics of Testudines, including the arrangement of blood vessels and the cardiac skeleton, are scarce. Thus, the study aimed to describe and provide information that would help in the theoretical basis of research on the vascular system of Chelonoidis carbonaria. Twelve hearts of red-footed tortoises were collected. After this procedure, the material was fixed in a 10% aqueous solution of formaldehyde, the samples were photodocumented, and submitted to standard histological procedures for the preparation of slides. The hearts of the analyzed specimens of C. carbonaria consisted of 3 cavities, 2 atria, and 1 ventricle. The ventricle is subdivided into three subchambers: cavum pulmonale (CP), cavum arteriosum (CA) and cavum venosum (CV). The base of the heart has three large vessels with thick, muscular and skeletal walls, namely the left aorta, the right aorta and the pulmonary trunk; the base of the aortas has the intraaortic septum formed by cartilage. In light and scanning microscopy, the two atria and the ventricle were observed, together with their cavities. Both the atria and the ventricle are formed by three layers: epicardium, myocardium and endocardium, with similar histological characteristics. In 3D modeling, it was possible to produce a study model highlighting the main structures found in the heart of the red-footed tortoise. Considering the aspects studied in accordance with the literature, it was possible to relate the similarity between the anatomical characteristics of the heart of the different species of the order Testudines, with distinctions, mainly in the arrangement of the vessels, when compared with other species of the reptile class.