PREVALENCE OF DISEASES IN THE ORAL CAVITY OF EQUIDS IN THE MESOREGION OF BELÉM, PARÁ, BRAZIL
equine dentistry; prevalence; oral affections.
Equine dentistry has emerged as a highly relevant area, especially because dental problems in horses are quite frequent, posing a threat to animal health and generating economic losses. Among the factors that contribute to oral diseases, domestication and stabling stand out, in addition to the replacement of the predominant diet of forage with the addition of ration in order to meet nutritional requirements. Considering that the state of Pará has the second largest horse herd in Brazil, the importance of studies on the prevalence of oral diseases in horses in the state is evident. The study included the collection of dental data from 87 animals, 24 males and 63 females, with ages ranging from 2.5 to 18 years, belonging to three distinct racial groups (Quarto de Milha - QM, Mangalarga Marchador - MM and breedless - SRD), raised under different management conditions and locations in the metropolitan mesoregion of Belém, state of Pará, Brazil. The oral evaluation began with the collection of identification data from the animals (name, age, sex and breed) and the recording of said management condition. To assess the general health condition, a complete physical examination was performed to ensure the health of the animals. Subsequently, a thorough inspection of the bone structures of the face was performed, with palpation to check for the presence of sensitivity, deformations, asymmetry, fistulas, nasal and ocular secretions (unilateral or bilateral), trauma, wounds, facial paralysis and atrophy. The lips, gums, incisors and canine teeth were also evaluated to identify ulcerations, trauma, neoplasia, occlusal disorders and other dental conditions. To perform the evaluation of the oral cavity, sedation was administered with the alpha-2 agonist drug detomidine hydrochloride, at a dose of 20 μg/kg, intravenously. Preliminary analyses highlight the higher prevalence of excessive dental enamel tips in the three groups analyzed when compared to other observed affections.