INTEGRATIVE TAXONOMY OF NEMATODES OF THE SUBFAMILY PROCAMALLANINAE FISH PARASITES IN MUNICIPALITIES OF THE STATE OF PARÁ
Integrative taxonomy; Helminths; Camallanidae; Mandii; Traíra; Mandubé; Piranha; Pará; Amazon.
The Camallanidae family is the only one within the Camallanoidea Superfamily represented by parasites that occur in the digestive system of fish, amphibians, snakes and turtles, in different aquatic environments (freshwater, marine and estuarine). The genera are characterized by the morphology of the buccal capsule, however, this has recently been questioned by the discovery of sexual dimorphism represented in the buccal capsules in some genera. Thus, this study aimed to taxonomically inventory the nematodes of the Procamallaninae subfamily in fish in the State of Pará. The choice of fish species used in this study was based on studies in the scientific literature and on the active search for parasites in fish used for human consumption. The fish were caught by artisanal fishermen and taken to the laboratory to search for helminths. The parasites were fixed, counted and submitted to light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and molecular biology. Of the 5 species of fish studied, all were parasitized by Spirocamallanus, having been morphologically identified as: Spirocamallanus rarus and Spirocamallanus n. sp. in Propimelodus eigenmanni, S. krameri in Hoplias malabaricus, S. belenensis and Spirocamallanus morphotypes I and II in Ageneiosus ucayalensis. The fish species Pygocentrus nattereri and Serrasalmus rhombeus presented two new morphotypes (III and IV) of Spirocamallanus, but the limited number of males made it impossible to assign a specific level to the analyzed specimens. Studies on fish-parasitic chamelanid nematodes in Amazonian environments can generate relevant information on age, distribution, trophic levels, season of the year and geographic factors that may influence parasitism in the future, in addition to adding morphological and genetic data of these organisms to the scientific literature.