Banca de DEFESA: UDSON DE OLIVEIRA BARROS JUNIOR
Uma banca de DEFESA de MESTRADO foi cadastrada pelo programa.STUDENT : UDSON DE OLIVEIRA BARROS JUNIOR
DATE: 16/07/2020
TIME: 09:00
LOCAL: Sala virtual no google meet
TITLE:
Tachigali vulgaris IN DIFFERENT PLANTING SPACINGS IN THE AMAZON: GROWTH PARAMETERS, WOOD AND CHARCOAL FOR ENERGY PURPOSES
KEY WORDS:
Charcoal tree. Energy forest. Biomass. Forking
PAGES: 103
BIG AREA: Ciências Agrárias
AREA: Recursos Florestais e Engenharia Florestal
SUBÁREA: Energia de Biomassa Florestal
SUMMARY:
Despite the highlight of Brazilian forestry sector, there is a strong dependence on species of Eucalyptus and Pinus genus. In this context, there is a tree species that the potential for charcoal and firewood production has been studied, Tachigali vulgaris, commonly known as charcoal tree, that has been pointed out as a potential biomass source to complement the production of wood of species of the Eucalyptus genus. The aim of this research was to evaluate whether different planting spacing, forking and age affect the growth and quality of T. vulgaris wood and charcoal for energy purposes. The study was carried out in a trial of about 6 ha, performed by Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, at the company Jari Celulose S/A, Monte Dourado District, Almeirim municipality, Pará. The experiment was peformed in a randomized complete block design, in a split plot scheme, consisting of 3 blocks and 6 spacings. For each spacing 3 trees were felled, with 3 replicates in each block, for a total of 54 sampled trees. Growth and wood and charcoal quality parameters has been evaluated. The variance analysis found no significant effect of planting spacing on growth, at 8 and 9 years-old, with a range of 168.23 m3 ha-1 and 195.37 m3 ha-1, for the volume with bark, of 73.04 t ha-1 and 92.19 t ha-1, for the dry wood mass, of 133.38 t ha-1 and 172.13 t ha-1, for the CO2 equivalent mass and 32.18 toe ha-1 and 42.42 toe ha-1, for energy productivity. For the wood basic density, at 7 years-old, the effect of spacing and forking was observed, with an increasing trend as a function of spacing (0.443 to 0.529 g cm-3) and a decreasing in forked trees (0.478 g cm-3) when compared to not forked trees (0.515 g cm-3), whereas at 8.5 years-old there was only the forking effect was significant, with a mean 0.523 g cm-3, for forked trees, and 0.537 g cm-3, for not forked trees, and a range from 0.513 to 0.539 g cm-3 as a function of spacing. The mean relative density at 12% moisture, analyzed by X-ray densitometry, was affected only by age and presented a mean value of 0.699 g cm-3. Spacing and forking did not either affect the heartwood/sapwood ratio, the contents of volatile materials, ash, fixed carbon, nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, H/C and N/C ratios and higher and lower heating values, whose mean variation was 1.38, 80.51%, 0.33%, 19.07%, 2.2%, 50.9%, 6.1%, 40.48%, 1.44, 0.37, 20.51 MJ/kg and 19.26 MJ/kg, respectively. With respect to charcoal quality and productivity, the spacing and forking had a significant effect on the apparent relative density, whose variation was from 0.294 to 0.388 g cm-3, with values of 0.316 g cm-3, for the forked trees compared to not forked trees (0.338 g cm-3), and for specific wood consumption, whose range was from 5.47 to 6.62 m3 of wood/ton of charcoal, and values of 6.04 m3 of wood/ton of charcoal, in forked trees, and 5.51 m3 of wood/ton of charcoal, in not forked trees. As for gravimetric yields in charcoal, pyrolytic liquid and non-condensable gases, volatile material, ash, fixed carbon content, heating value, charcoal mass productivity of and mean annual increasing in charcoal, no spacing and forking effects were verified, whose mean values were of 32.27%, 46.55%, 18.18%, 26.23%, 1.22%, 72.6%, 30.19 MJ/kg, 25,69 t ha-1 and 3.37 t ha-1 year-1, respectively. Wider spacings should be adopted aiming at gains in growth, productivity and basic density, in addition to not compromising the other parameters of wood and charcoal, and forked trees should be avoided.
BANKING MEMBERS:
Presidente - 1134991 - THIAGO DE PAULA PROTASIO
Externo à Instituição - GUSTAVO HENRIQUE DENZIN TONOLI - UFLA
Externo à Instituição - LOURIVAL MARIN MENDES - UFLA
Externo à Instituição - MARIO TOMMASIELLO FILHO - USP