INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT METHODS ON THE RECOVERY OF Technosoil FROM KAOLIN MINING IN THE EASTERN AMAZON
Kaolin, RAD, soil microbiology, Amazon
Mining is an important economic activity in the world. In Brazil, the extraction of metallic and non-metallic ores was 1.7 billion tons in 2021 (National Mining Agency [ANM], 2022), of which 372.5 million tons were destined for export, yielding 57.8 billion dollars (Brazilian Mining Institute [IBRAM], 2020). However, mining causes serious degradation to ecosystems, being among the most harmful human activities to the environment (LIMA et al., 2016), since for ore extraction it is necessary to remove all vegetation and destroy the soil. In this sense, the need to restore degraded environments has gained notoriety in the international environmental agenda, in order to mitigate the impacts caused by the degradation of ecosystems (ADAMS et al., 2021). However, recovery methods need to adopt operational procedures that, in addition to aiming at ecological efficiency, also consider logistical planning, labor demand and costs associated with projects, which often become more relevant obstacles to project success. than ecological efficiency (BRANCALION; GANDOLFI; RODRIGUES, 2015 p. 252). With this, the restoration of degraded areas must balance costs and operational logistics with the improvement of environmental conditions for the restoration of vegetation and soil.