The study investigated the impact of drying on the physiological quality of Pentaclethra macroloba (Willd.) Kuntze seeds, an Amazonian species of great socioeconomic importance, collected in high and low floodplain environments, in three maturation stages (P1: green; P2: yellowish-green; P3: black). P. macroloba seeds are dispersed with high water content, which makes them susceptible to deterioration, and present heterogeneous maturation, making harvesting difficult. The fruits were subjected to artificial drying at 23°C for seven days, and the seeds were analyzed for water content, viability and vigor. The results showed that the seeds of stage 3 presented the greatest physiological potential and vigor, followed by those of stage 2, with superior performance in the seeds from the low floodplain. Drying did not increase the rate of dead seeds, demonstrating that it is a viable technique for the continued maturation of immature fruits. Furthermore, drying promoted uniformity in the germination process, reducing variability in physiological responses. It was concluded that phases 3 and 2, associated with the low floodplain environment, are the most suitable for harvesting,  with drying being an effective strategy to maintain the physiological quality of the seeds. These findings are important for management and conservation practices of the species, especially in ecological restoration programs in the Amazon, contributing to the sustainable use and production of high-quality seedlings.