"VASCULAR EPIPHYTES, HEMIEPIPHYTES AND NOMADIC CLIMBERS IN UTINGA STATE PARK, EASTERN AMAZON: FLORISTIC COMPOSITION, FUNCTIONAL DIVERSITY AND INTRASPECIFIC VARIATION"
Communities. Floristic survey. Functional diversity. Intraspecific variation.Vascular epiphytes.
Vascular epiphytes, hemiepiphytes and nomadic vines are characterized by using other plants, usually shrubs or trees, as mechanical support, allowing them to reach higher vegetation strata. However, hemiepiphytes and nomadic vines still depend on some type of contact with the soil. In environments where vascular epiphytes, hemiepiphytes and nomadic vines are more abundant, there may be a greater contribution to the local plant biomass rate, increased forest canopy structure, and higher rates of water and nutrient cycling. Furthermore, there are few studies that have investigated the diversity of vascular epiphytes, hemiepiphytes, or nomadic vines in different vegetation types in the Amazon. Previous studies in the region have focused predominantly on trees and have demonstrated ecological strategies that are more strongly influenced by different nutrient concentrations in soils. In the present study, the floristic composition (Chapter I) and functional diversity (Chapter II) of vascular epiphytes, hemiepiphytes, and nomadic vines in upland and flooded forest areas was evaluated, in addition to analyzing the responses of foliar functional traits of Evodianthus funifer (Poit.) Lindm. (Cyclanthaceae) in these two vegetation types (Chapter III). To compare the intraspecific variation, functional diversity, and composition of epiphytic groups between the upland and flooded forest, 10 trees (whose canopy reaches the forest canopy) were selected in each environment. Each phorophyte represented a plot and only phorophytes with a diameter at breast height (DBH) > 25 cm were included. Data collection was carried out from the ground to the canopy of the phorophytes.