EVALUATION OF THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF ESSENTIAL OIL OF Vitex agnus-castus L
Natural products, preliminary toxicity, antioxidant, Lamiaceae
The specie Vitex agnus-castus L., commonly known as "northern rosemary" or "Angola rosemary," belongs to the family Lamiaceae, renowned for its aromatic and medicinal plants. This family includes species that synthesize essential oils (EOs) of phytochemical interest, such as lavender, rosemary, and mint, which are widely used in traditional medicine and the cosmetic industry for their therapeutic properties. Contemporary research has corroborated many of these medicinal properties, promoting an integration between traditional and modern medicine. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), about 80% of the global population relies on more natural health methods, including the use of medicinal plants. The genus Vitex comprises approximately 230 species distributed globally. Vitex agnus-castus L. is an introduced species in Brazil, found in the Northeast and Southeast regions, predominantly within the Caatinga and Atlantic Forest domains. The essential oils extracted from Vitex agnus-castus L. contain bioactive compounds with potential antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and relaxing properties, contributing to the development of new natural products and alternative treatments. Despite this, studies on its antifungal activity are still limited. Vitex agnus-castus L. is widely used in traditional medicine to treat disorders related to women's health, such as Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) and menopausal symptoms. Scientific interest in Vitex has grown due to its therapeutic potential, especially through its essential oil, which has been little studied in the Amazonian context. The essential oil of Vitex agnus-castus L. is rich in monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes responsible for its multiple biological activities. The anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and hormonal properties have been the focus of several studies to elucidate their mechanisms of action and explore their therapeutic applications. The chemical composition of EOs is influenced by environmental factors, collection period, extraction method, and genetic factors. These aspects, including seasonal and circadian variations, are crucial for the production of essential oils. Therefore, the aim of this research is to determine the biological and antioxidant activities of the essential oils of Vitex agnus-castus L., cultivated in the medicinal and aromatic plant garden of the Federal Rural University of the Amazon.