GAPS IN TAXONOMIC, PHYLOGENETIC KNOWLEDGE AND DISTRIBUTION OF SPECIES OF CYPERACEAE Juss. IN THE BRAZILIAN AMAZON

Modeling; Ecological Niche; Species Distribution; Anthropic Actions.

The Amazon is considered the tropical rainforest with the largest forested area on the planet. Despite the exuberant biodiversity, this biome still has an expressive lack of scientific knowledge, mainly in the field of botany. Due to the increase and frequency of deforestation, fires caused by the intense transformation in land use in the region and climate change, the increase in knowledge of the real biodiversity existing in the Amazon and what affects the distribution patterns of its species are important ways to mitigate these impacts, and mainly to outline more efficient conservation policy measures. Even with the significant increase in studies over the last few years, in the Amazon, there is still a shortage of studies focused on widely distributed botanical families, such as Cyperaceae. Despite this wide distribution, there are still taxonomic, distribution and small amount of molecular data limitations, making its taxonomy an even greater challenge. Brazilian Amazon, seeking to elucidate the biodiversity and gaps present in the Amazon, in addition to creating a DNA database for hydrophilic Cyperaceae. This thesis is divided into three chapters, where the first two come from data available

online and the second from data collected directly in the field. In the first chapter, the objective was to identify the knowledge gaps of Cyperaceae for the Brazilian Amazon, using the family data available in the Global Biological Information Facility. We observed that the taxonomic collections are well distributed throughout the Amazon; however, they follow the pattern of most available records, being arranged along highways and waterways that cross the Amazon, with most records outside the Conservation Units. In the second chapter, the objective was to model the potential distribution of species, thus seeking to evaluate the ability of the models to predict potential distributions within the Amazon. The data to generate the models will be the same data we used for the gap analyses. Finally, the third chapter aims to create a database, with DNA sequences, of three widely distributed species of hydrophilic Cyperaceae in the State of Pará, thus testing whether there is a loss of phylogenetic diversity among the species that will be collected in preserved environments. and not preserved. With this, we seek to present in this thesis an overview of the Cyperaceae family for the Brazilian Amazon, reducing the problems of collection gaps in this family, in addition to contributing to perspectives through distribution models of the current scenario of these species, contributing to the genetic understanding between environments that suffer anthropic actions and those that do not suffer this type of action.