Polygalaceae Hoffmanns. & Link. in the Maranhense Amazon, Brazil: Taxonomy and Conservation.
Ecotone, Fabales, Floristics, Conservation, Biodiversity
The Maranhense Amazon is identified as an expressive region in terms of species richness and endemism, however, it is constantly threatened, mainly by plant degradation. Floristic studies are incipient in the Amazonian Maranhão, generating gaps about its real diversity. Identifying areas of greater diversity of species and areas with little inventory can encourage future studies and increase practical conservation actions. Among the angiosperms occurring in the Maranhense Amazon is Polygalaceae, represented in Brazil by 11 genera and ca. 210 species, and of these seven genera, 24 species and one variety are registered for Maranhão. However, the incipient studies focused on Polygalaceae in the Maranhense Amazon are worrying, since the expressive representation of its genera and species in the region is imminently and constantly threatened, with areas undergoing an accelerated process of land use change and rates of habitat and species extinction. still unknown. Based on this, the objectives of this research were to carry out a taxonomic study of the genera and species of Polygalaceae in the Maranhense Amazon and to quantify the efforts in the process of floristic inventory of this region, identifying historical and contemporary characters involved in this process. The research resulted in two chapters: the first “Polygalaceae in Amazônia Maranhense, Brazil”, where identification keys, morphological descriptions, photographic plates and distribution maps of 13 species belonging to five genera of Polygalaceae are provided: Asemeia Raf. amendment Small (1 species), Bredemeyera Willd. (2), Moutabea Chodat (2), Polygala L. (4) and Securidaca L. (4), where Bredemeyera petiolata M.Mota & J.F.B.Pastore, Moutabea guianensis Aubl. and Securidaca paniculata Rich. are registered for the first time for the state of Maranhão; the second chapter “Analysis of the sampling effort for botanical studies in the Maranhense Amazon, Brazil”, demonstrates the evolution of the records of collections in Maranhão via biodiversity databases, showing through a map showing more and less collected areas in the Maranhense Amazon and the quantitative of collections for all groups of embryophytes occurring in the region.