Holoparasitic and mycoheterotrophic plants from the municipality of Igarapé-Miri, Pará, Brazil
Amazon, Floristic, Achlorophyllous plants, Taxonomy
The holoparasitic plants (that obtains nutrients from the phloem of the host plant) and mycoheterotrophic (which obtain nutrients from mycorrhizal fungi) compose groups of plants rarely collected and less expressive in the Brazilian flora. In Pará state, only 27 species are registered, and there are only five works that deal with these groups of plants floristic and taxonomically. The state suffers serious environmental damage from deforestation, but some regions still have areas practically unchanged, such as the municipality of Igarapé-Miri, considered one of the largest producers of açaí in the world. Because of this, the floristic diversity of holoparasitic and mycoheterotrophic plants can be strongly affected, since in order to have açaí plantations, it is customary to remove the forest. Therefore, the objective of this research is to carry out a floristic-taxonomic study of holoparasitic and mycoheterotrophic plants in the municipality of Igarapé-Miri, before the local extinction of these groups of plants occurs, without having their species cataloged. For this, a survey will initially be carried out in the herbarium and in the database platforms of the herbarium. Once this is done, expeditions will be carried out to collecting botanical material from January/2022 to January/2023, two per month and, whenever possible, visiting each location in winter and summer, aiming to collect a greater number of species. All species found will be photographed in their natural habitat and herborized in the usual ways, with some modifications for better packaging and further analysis of the collected material. At the end of this research, it is expected to establish the list and the taxonomic treatment of the holoparasitic and mycoheterotrophic species occurring in the municipality; expand the collection of achlorophyllous plants from the herbarium in the region; to record expansions in the distribution of species through new occurrences and the discovery of probable new species.