Potentially toxic elements and geochemical baseline values in the municipality of Barcarena, Pará.
Contamination, Amazonian Soils, Environmental Assessment
Soil plays a vital role in maintaining agricultural productivity and the sustainability of ecological systems. However, factors such as urbanization and industrialization have led to growing concerns about soil contamination by potentially toxic elements (PTE), which can impact various ecosystems. In this context, environmental contamination in the municipality of Barcarena, in the state of Pará, is a prominent issue in the discussions of environmentalists and local associations due to the presence of large mining and metallurgical industries and population growth not accompanied by adequate sanitation infrastructure. The aim of this study was to quantify the concentration of the PTE’s arsenic, barium, cadmium, lead, cobalt, copper, chromium, mercury, molybdenum, nickel, zinc, aluminum and iron in soils from rural and urban areas in the municipality of Barcarena. The sampling grid included 418 sampling points, spread over nine locations in the municipality, within the area of influence of the refineries and other companies installed in the region. The concentrations of the elements evaluated were obtained using the inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) method, with the exception of mercury, which was determined using cold vapor atomic fluorescence spectrometry. Once the data have been obtained, geochemical baseline values will be calculated for these elements. These values represent concentrations described as limits for EPT, considering the concentrations coming from the soil's source material, as well as the concentrations that originate from anthropogenic activities, so that values above these calculated limits indicate existing environmental contamination. To this end, the following baseline calculation methods will be used: cumulative frequency curve, Tukey's method (TIF), Med + 2 MAD and 5%, 75%, 95% and 98% percentiles. With this, we hope to contribute to understanding the chemical quality of Barcarena's soils and provide support for environmental management and protection of the soil's ecological functions.