The Salminus brasiliensis (Cuvier, 1816) is a large species highly appreciated in commercial and sport fishing at national level. Currently, the species is bred in captivity for the purpose of adding to natural stocks in an attempt to reduce anthropic impacts on their populations, which were in a state of vulnerability in the Paraná and Rio da Prata Basins. In conservation and species management, the use of genomic tools is essential to obtain greater efficiency, highlighting the use of microsatellite markers, which are widely used in ecological investigations of population genetics. Thus, the objective is to develop microsatellite markers for the native species S. brasiliensis for the purpose of phylogenetic evaluation between different species of fish. DNA samples will be submitted to next generation sequencing, using the Illumina platform and the MiSeq^TM and HiSeq^TM systems. The sequencing product will be evaluated by the FastQc program. For data quality control, filtering will be performed based on a minimum 20 Phred score. The assembly of the genome will be done through testing in the SOAPdenovo2 and SPADES programs and the quality of the generated contigs will be evaluated using the QUAST software. The identification of microsatellite markers will be done using the MISA program with the selection parameters of mono- to hexanucleotides. For the phylogenetic analysis, outgroups will be formed from data of all fish species arranged in the MicroSatellite DataBase and phylogenetic trees will be generated by the Maximum Likelihood, Maximum Parsimony and Neighbor Joining methods, using the MEGA-X program with visualization and graphic editing in the FigTree program v.1.4. Therefore, it is expected to obtain a robust phylogenetic evaluation between Salminus brasiliensis and several fish species from microsatellite markers, in order to contribute as a tool for the sustainable management of natural stocks of the species in conservation programs and fisheries management.

Aquaculture in Brazil saw positive results in 2020, with national production reaching 802,930 tons. Cynoscion acoupa, a fish popularly known as “pescada-amarela” (yellow croaker), is found mainly on the northern coast and has significant economic value, particularly for gastronomic purposes. More recently, a material called "isinglass" has been observed in the swim bladder of the yellow croaker, which has been used as a raw material in various market sectors, such as the pharmaceutical, civil, and food industries, among others. The aim of this work is to assemble the genome, predict genes, and perform functional annotation of the
species C. acoupa. It is noteworthy that these genomic data have not been previously generated by anyone. Specimens were collected from the regions of Salinópolis-PA, Bragança-PA, and the coast of Amapá. Subsequently, DNA was extracted from 5 C. acoupa individuals, and the best sample was chosen to proceed with the study. From these samples, the complete genome sequencing of the captured individuals was performed, with two paired- end short insert libraries (2 x 250 bp) DNAseq constructed using the Illumina DNA prep kit, utilizing the NovaSeq SP 6000 Illumina sequencing platform, producing approximately 1.302 Gb of raw data sequences. Subsequently, FASTQC was used to check the sequencing quality. The sequences generated will be de novo assembled using the ABYSS assembler. The aligner BOWTIE-2 will be used to align the contigs and scaffolds with the genome of a phylogenetically close species, the GeneMark tool for gene prediction, and the BUSCO software for genome annotation, so that it can finally be deposited in the NCBI. Through the results, new information on genome sequencing and its quality is expected, along with the publication of these data for future studies.

This work aims to investigate new polymorphisms of the promoter region of the growth factor receptor (GHR) gene and its relationship with the milk production of crossbred buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis). For this, a blood sample will be collected from 80 crossbred buffaloes, for DNA extraction followed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the PCR products will be purified, quantified in a spectrophotometer and visualized in agarose gel, for subsequent sequencing. The sequences will be aligned in the Bioedit program, for the comparison of animals and search for new polymorphisms. On the farm will be collected the data of daily milk production (liters / day), weight of the animals and age. The Genepop version 5 program will be used to determine allelic and genotypic frequencies, observed and expected heterozygosity, inbreeding coefficients (FIS) and the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium probabilities (P> 0.05). And to investigate the association of polymorphisms with milk production, Pearson's linear test will be used in BioEstast Software version 5.0.

The study of microbial functional diversity through the application of molecular techniques in different soil managements can contribute to a deeper assessment of soil quality. This research demonstrates how molecular tools contribute to the assessment of soil quality in agroforestry systems at the Vale Natural Reserve. The study was carried out in the vicinity of the Vale Natural Reserve, located in the municipality of Linhares, in the state of Espírito Santo. Five cropping systems were selected, namely, agroforestry system under implementation (SAF), cocoa plantation under thinned native forest (CAB), rubber tree and cocoa intercropping (SC), pasture (PAS) and native forest (MN), which was used as a reference. Metagenomic approaches (Metabarcoding and Shotgun) and metaproteomics were used to access microbial diversity and its functions. Metagenomics revealed the
functional potential and diversity of microbial communities. On the other hand, metaproteomics points to the biological processes that occur in an environment, through the proteins expressed by microorganisms. The results showed greater similarity between the areas of cabruca and rubber-cocoa, showing greater diversity of microorganisms, genes and proteins that participate in carbon fixation, contributing to soil quality. Green manure provided an abundance of microorganisms that contribute to the transformation of nitrogen in the soil in the area of the agroforestry system under implementation, but C cycle proteins are more present in more mature AFS areas. Higher soil quality can promote carbon fixation over time, contributing to the reduction of greenhouse gases and C fixation in the soil. Thus, it was possible to demonstrate that molecular tools can provide a robust diagnosis of the functional status of the soil.

Buffalo milk stands out on the global stage due to its great nutritional and energy potential and, in Brazil, buffalo milk production is expanding due to its quality and the rustic nature of buffaloes. However, like other ruminants, buffaloes are also susceptible to heat, exhibiting physiological and behavioral changes, characteristic of heat stress. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the biochemical and molecular parameters of milk and blood in order to relate to possible impacts of thermal stress on the production and quality of milk in groups of buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) with different averages of daily milk production , namely: group with the highest mean, MAp (n=6; 3.46) and with the lowest mean, MEp (n=6; 5.93). Soon the compositional analysis of the milk, such as fat, protein and lactose, analysis of somatic cell count (CCS) and cortisol concentration in the blood and, finally, the analyzes of expressions of the genes HSP70, HSP90, TLR-2 and TLR-4. As for the biochemical analysis of the milk, the percentage of fat, protein and lactose was not different between the groups (p > 0.05), as well as the concentration of serum cortisol (p > 0.05) and CCS (p > 0 .05), which was below 200,000 cells/mL, characterizing the absence of clinical and subclinical mastitis infection. As for the molecular analysis, the expression of all genes, that is, HSP70 (0.96 MEp versus 0.58 MAp), HSP90α (0.98 MEp versus 0.03 MAp), HSP90β (0.95 MEp versus 0.48 MAp), TLR-2 (1.02 MEp versus 0.16 MAp) and TLR-4 (1.26r MEp versus 0.07 MAp) was higher in the MEp group compared to the MAp group, respectively (p < 0.05). These results indicate that the animals were under stress, at least at the cellular level, being detrimental to milk production in the buffalo group (MEp). However, this damage occurred only in the amount of milk produced and not in the quality of the milk, since none of the composition parameters such as lipids, proteins and lactose showed significant changes between the groups. These results were reinforced when the gene expression correlation test was performed with the milk quality parameters (HSP70 x Lipid -0.2; HSP70 x Protein -0.2; HSP70 x Lactose - 0.03; TLR-2 x Lipid -0.03; TLR-2 x Protein 0.3; TLR-2 x Lactose -0.4; TLR-4 x Lipid -0.2; TLR-4 x Protein 0.2; and TLR-4 x Lactose -0.2; p > 0.05). On the other hand, due to the lack of studies related to HSPs and TLRs genes in milk somatic cells in buffaloes, and also the lack of other parameters such as simultaneous measurement of THI and physiological indices (for example, body temperature) in this study, it would be very useful. for understanding why only the production was affected and the composition not, in addition to explaining whether the cell was under thermal stress or another type of stress, since HSPs are not limited to thermal stress only. Moreover, in addition to environmental, physiological and food factors, another hypothesis about differentiation in productivity may be related to polymorphisms in genes related to heat stress and milk quality. Therefore, further investigations are still needed to understand the basic mechanisms induced by heat stress related to buffalo milk production and quality. In addition, providing environmental conditions with low temperature, shading, hygiene, in addition to quality food can minimize damage from thermal stress and contribute to better animal productivity.

Plants have developed adaptation mechanisms to adverse environments, including the production of the phytohormone 24-epibrassinolide, which regulates genes via transcription factors, affecting protein synthesis and influencing responses to environmental stimuli. The Amazonian paricá species (Schizolobium amazonicum
Huber ex Ducke), native to the Amazon, demonstrates characteristics of phytoextraction of cadmium (Cd) ions from anthropogenic sources, such as industries, mining companies and inadequate waste disposal. However, the lack of research on the gene regulation of these interactions between Cd and 24-EBL, which acts in different parts of the plant (leaves and roots), represents a challenge in understanding its role and relevance in the ecological context of rehabilitation of degraded areas. The lack of studies in this scenario makes it difficult to accurately assess paricá&#39;s potential as a phytoextractor and its impact on environmental remediation. Therefore, the present work seeks to examine the expression of the genes CYP85A2 and BZR1, precursors of endogenous 24-EBL in the biological production of chelating proteins of the CAD1 gene in the species Schizolobium amazonicum Huber ex Ducke under various concentrations of CdCl2 and 24-EBL. The study took place in an air-conditioned growth room, following a completely randomized experimental design (DIC), in a 4x3 factorial scheme, totaling 60 experimental units containing 15 seeds per replication, 4 CdCl2 treatments (0, 50, 100 and 150µM) and while the another three consisted of different doses of 24- epibrassinolide (0, 20 and 40 nM). For gene expression, 50mg of tissue was selected from each part of the seedlings (Leaflet and root) and the remainder for quantification of photosynthetic pigments. Then, total RNA was extracted, quantified and purified in the laboratory for molecular diagnosis of the CYP85A2, BZR1 and CAD1 genes through qPCR-Real Time. The data were subjected to ANOVA analysis of variance (p &lt; 0.05) and the differences between treatments analyzed using the Tukey test (p &lt; 0.05). The relative expression levels of the CYP85A2, BZR1 and CAD1 genes were significantly (p &lt; 0.05), statistically higher in the aerial part in the 50µM CdCl2 treatments at different doses of 24-EBL (0, 20 and 40 nM), compared to root system. The spectrophotometry results of photosynthetic pigments showed an excellent percentage at doses of 50µM CdCl2 in 24-EBL (0, 20 and 40 nM), but at high doses of CdCl2 (100 and 150µM) it points out, great influence of 20 and 40nM of 24- EBPL in leaflets. Biometric variables contribute to an increase in the aerial part and a reduction in roots due to the harmful effect of CdCl2 on the substrate.

The aim of this study was to estimate and evaluate the genetic parameters between and within different provenances of O.bacaba and O.distichus from the state of Pará, so that it can support information for conservation and management of these two species of bacaba, through morphoagronomic descriptors through multivariate analysis. Fifteen characters, 3 plant, six bunch and nine fruit, were measured in 43 individuals of O.bacaba, 18 from Baião, and 25 from Terra Santa, and analyzed for genetic divergence between individuals. by the Euclidean distance, and the groups formed through the complete bonding method, and additionally carried out the importance and discards of the character through the analysis of the principal components. The greatest divergence, dii’= 11.45, was found between individuals TS-22 from terra santa and BAI-8 from the municipality of Baião. The grouping by the furthest neighbor method applied on the dissimilarity matrix allowed the formation of 6 divergent groups. The weight of one hundred fruits (PCF) and the number of rachiles per bunch (NRC) are the characters with the greatest contribution to the divergence between the sources. In the analysis of the main components, the first four four first components absorbed 63.40% of the accumulated variation, the fruit and bunch characters are responsible for the variation between individuals, being possible to discard the variables bunch maturation (MAT) and pulp thickness (EP) by the contribution of the variation only in the last eigenvectors. For O.distichus, 15 morphoagronomic characters were measured, three relating to the plant, four to the bunch, and eight to the fruit in 62 individuals of bacaba-de-leque, twelve from Marabá, thirty from Belém, twelve from São João from Araguaia and eight from Baião, which were also subjected to multivariate analysis such as analysis of genetic divergence between individuals by Euclidean distance, formation of groups through the complete linkage method, and the importance and discards of characters through component analysis main. The greatest divergence, dii’= 13.69, was found between individuals BEL-11 and BEL-8 from Belém. There was the formation of seven groups through the complete bonding method. The weight of one hundred fruits (PCF) and the number of rachiles per bunch (NRC) are the characters with the greatest contributions to the divergence between the provenances. In the analysis of the principal components, the first three principal components concentrated 66.16% of the accumulated variance, the fruit characters were responsible for the variation of the matrices, being possible to discard the variables circumference at breast height (CAP) and central rachis length (CRC).

Colossoma macropomum, tambaqui, is the species with the highest production in Brazil among native fish. In larviculture, Artemia nauplius is commonly used due to its high protein, energy and free amino acid value that facilitate digestion by larvae. Thus, the objective of the present study was to determine the ideal amount of Artemia nauplii per larva of C. macropomum through the analysis of zootechnical performance and expression of myogenic genes: myoblast-determining factor (myod), myogenin (myog) and myostatin (mstn). For this, tambaqui larvae, aged six days after hatching (DAH) were cultivated in a recirculation aquaculture system (RAS) in 15 plastic tanks of 60 L, at a density of 10 larvae/L, for 14 days. Five densities of brine shrimp nauplii (100, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 Artemia nauplii /larva) were tested in three replications. Water quality parameters were analyzed daily. At 6, 13 and 20 DAE, larvae were evaluated: length, weight, daily weight gain (mg/Day), specific growth rate (%/day) and survival (%). In 20 DAE, 9 larvae were collected for gene expression analysis. After 14 experimental days, the mean value of dissolved oxygen decreased with increasing live food density, but there was no significant difference in survival between the treatments tested. In the first week, the larvae fed with less than 500 Artemia nauplii /larva had significantly lower growth and in the second week the larvae fed with 1000 Artemia nauplii /larva had the highest final weight and length (p < 0.05). The relative expression levels of myogenic genes were significantly higher in larvae fed with 100, 250 and 500 Artemia nauplii/larva. Based on segmented and linear regression analysis on weight, respectively, in the first week the ideal amount of Artemia nauplii per larva is 411 and in the second week it is 1000 Artemia nauplii/larva. Thus, different densities of Artemia nauplii influenced the zootechnical performance, water quality and expression of myogenic genes in C. macropomum larvae. More studies are needed to associate the effect of live food to the zootechnical performance and expression of myogenic genes in the initial phase of tambaqui larvae.

The concentration of heavy metals in the soil represents a high risk of contamination of these, providing a potential danger in the agricultural area, in addition to bringing imminent risks to ecosystems and human health. Faced with the problems caused by excess zinc (Zn) and other metals, it is necessary to adopt eco-sustainable techniques aimed at removing or stabilizing them in the soil, to contribute to mitigating the effects
caused by pollutants in ecosystems. Given the above, the objective of this study was to evaluate 24-epibrassinolide as a mitigator of initial growth, chlorophylls A, B, total and organic solutes (compatible) in corn seedlings (Zea mays L.) submitted to different concentrations of zinc. The experiment was carried out in the laboratory of the Biodiversity Studies in Higher Plants-EBPS group at the Federal Rural University of
Amazônia-UFRA/Campus Belém, in September 2022. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 4x3 factorial scheme, with 12 treatments and 4 repetitions, totaling 48 trays containing 25 seeds per repetition. The seeds were soaked for 6 hours in Germitest paper with a solution containing three concentrations of the plant hormone 24-epibrassinolide (0, 15 and 30 µM), placed in sand containing four concentrations of Zinc Sulfate (0, 30, 60 and 100 mg/ L). The data were submitted to analysis of variance by the F test (p&lt;0.05), in case adjustment was necessary, by polynomial regression equations P&lt;0.05 with the aid of the statistical program AgroEstat. Seedling emergence parameters, emergence velocity coefficient, mean emergence time, emergence velocity index, emergence velocity coefficient and normal seedlings were analyzed. The biometric parameters: number of leaves, seedling height and root length were also evaluated in 10 seedlings from each replication. The plant material was stored with liquid nitrogen and then lyophilized for later analysis of
chlorophyll A, B, Total, carotenoids, and proline and glycine-betaine compatible solutes as verification of the attenuating effect of the hormone 24-epibrassinolide in corn seedlings submitted to zinc toxicity.

Paricá (Schizolobium amazonicum Huber ex Ducke) is a native species of the Amazon biome that has attractive characteristics for wood production. Arsenic is a toxic heavy metal, having as sources volcanic, seismic and anthropogenic activities, and it can enter the food chain and be bioaccumulated. The aim of the study was to evaluate whether brassinosteroid (BR) attenuates oxidative stress at emergence in paricá seedlings subjected to arsenic (As) toxicity. The experiment was carried out in the plant growth room of the Laboratory of Biodiversity Studies of Superior Plants (EBPS), Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA), located in Belém-Pará, from July to August 2022. A completely randomized design (DIC) was used in a 3 x 4 factorial design, with 12 treatments and 4 replications, totaling 48 experimental units containing 15 seeds per replication. The seeds were soaked for 24 hours in 3 concentrations of 24-epibrassinolide (0, 10 nM and 20 nM) and placed in sand containing different concentrations of sodium arsenite (NaAsO₂ - 0, 2 mg.L^-1, 4 mg.L^-1, 6 mg.L^-1). The data were submitted to analysis of variance using the F test (p < 0.05). The EBL positively influenced the percentage of emergence and the growth of shoots and roots, mainly at the dosage of 20nM of EBL. The increase in arsenic concentration had a negative effect. The enzyme response was different between root and leaf, the concentration of the enzyme ascorbate peroxidase was higher in the leaves and that of the enzyme Guaiacol Peroxidase in the root. In general, an increase in enzymatic activity was observed with increasing arsenic dosage and lower enzymatic activity in treatments with 20nM of EBL. The positive responses in total growth and lower enzymatic activity in treatments with hormone evidence its mitigating effect.

The growing demand for the acai fruit has increased the management of this plant in terra firme areas. Being a species with high water demand, management requires an adequate irrigation system. However, the actual water demand required by the plant is still unknown, due to the little study on the species, which ends up making production more expensive. Thus, this work aims to evaluate the physiological and biochemical changes in young plants of three genotypes of Euterpe oleraceae submitted to hydrical stress. Thus, three genotypes of the species will be evaluated: one from Anajás-PA, the BRS-PA cultivar and the new BRS-Ver-o-peso cultivar for physiological analyzes such as: gas exchange - CO2 assimilation rate (PN ), stomatal conductance (gs), perspiration (E), intercellular concentration of CO2 (Ci); and biochemical, in the determination of carbohydrate profile, free amino acids, oxidizing compounds and antioxidant enzymes. With this, it will be observed if the new cultivar has greater tolerance to water stress than the others. These analyzes will be evaluated under two water regimes (irrigated and non-irrigated). Data will be analyzed by analysis of variance, and means will be compared by Tukey test at 5% probability.

Corynebacterium ulcerans is a gram-positive bacteria which can cause respiratory and cutaneous infections in humans and animals. Reported cases of infections with C. ulcerans have continuously been increasing and some of its strains were found to carry toxic genes in its genomes. It's crucial to study about its genes and how they are related to its pathogenicity, as well as to predict vaccine and drug targets. According to this, genomic data were collected from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), genome prediction and annotation were performed using the Prokka software for standardization. Similarity among the strains was calculated using the Gegenes software, the pathogenicity islands were predicted using the Gipsy software and the homology among them was performed using the BLAST tool. The pan-genome was calculated using the Pangenome Analysis Pipeline (PGAP) software and a search for essential genes available on online databases was carried out according to the core genome, the BLAST tool was used to identify non-host homologous proteins and the subcellular localization of these proteins was predicted using the PSORTb tool. Antigenic properties of outer membrane or membrane-anchored proteins were verified and predicted using the VaxiJen software. Among the 29 genome sequences from C. ulcerans available on the NCBI public database, only two strains (PO100/5, w25) had a low percentage of similarity to the other lineages. 156 pathogenicity islands were predicted, among which 12 did not have homology to other pathogenicity islands and 1 specific island was predicted in 25 genomes. Among the 27 strains analyzed, 9 contained the tox gene sequence and 16 contained pld genes in their genomes. The pan-genome of C. ulcerans is composed of 5960 genes, among which 1295 are core genes, 1790 are accessory genes and 2205 are specific genes. The application of substrative genomics revealed 2 putative antigen proteins that can be used as vaccine targets and 4 proteins that can be used for therapeutic drug developmen

Identification and in silico analysis of genes and proteins and elaboration of isolation strategies for genes potentially involved in the 20-hydroxyecdysone (20-E) biosynthesis and inactivation of in plants

Brucellosis is an important zoonosis that is still endemic in many countries, usually in
developing countries, and that causes serious problems both in public health and animal
production. Vaccination of bovine and buffalo calves is mandatory, and the live attenuated
vaccine containing the B19 strain of Brucella abortus is the most widely used throughout the
Brazilian territory. The study objective the monitoring of the persistence of vaccine antibodies
of B. abortus in female buffalo heifers. Heifers were vaccinated at six months of age and
monitored monthly until the 27th month of age by collecting blood to obtain the serum and
later carrying out the diagnostic tests recommended by the Program National Control and
Eradication of Brucellosis and Tuberculosis in Animals (PNCEBT). Monitoring was carried
out in a buffalo herd certified as free from brucellosis and tuberculosis, a necessary condition
for carrying out the study. The study followed the kinetics of antibody production against B.
abortus for 26 months in 23 calves. The serum samples obtained were stored in a freezer at 20
° C for later forwarding under refrigeration to the Federal Laboratory for Agricultural
Defense of Minas Gerais (LFDA / MG), where the following tests of the Acidified Buffered
Antigen (AAT) and 2 -Mercaptoethanol (2-ME). The results for all samples collected on day
0 were negative after the AAT and 2-ME tests. In the 1st and 2nd month, 100% positivity was
obtained in all samples and a subsequent decline at 3 months in both tests. After 21 months, 3
buffaloes were positive for AAT and all of them had a negative reaction to 2-ME.
Considering the results obtained during the follow-up of the vaccinated females, it is
recommended that the vaccination of buffalo females occur earlier, around three to four
months of age

The expansion of the oil palm cultivated area in the already deforested areas of the Amazon is a fact. However, one of the main obstacles to the expansion of oil palm in the State of Pará is due to Fatal Yellowing (AF), which is a problem of unknown order. The symptoms start with the yellowing of the arrow leaf and with the evolution its leaves dry. This project will be carried out from the field conditions present at Marborges S.A., Moju – PA. Two clones (BRS 2501 and 2801) of sensitive oil palm (Elaeis guineenses) were used. A comparative analysis will be carried out between the clones, in area of incidence of FA, in the six treatments T1 (control without harrowing), T2 (control with harrowing), T3, T4, T5 and T6 (2, 4, 6 and 8 tons of dolomitic limestone) and six repetitions. The evaluations were carried out on palm trees at the beginning of production, during the period that characterizes the lowest rainfall intensity over a year. To this end, analyzes of physiological parameters, gas exchange, water status, pigments, carbohydrates, enzyme activity, plant height, stem diameter and monitoring of physical and chemical conditions in soils related to the AF problem were carried out. According to the results, it was found that there was no relationship between PA and lime application, but the treatment with 8 ton/ha showed a better vegetative development.

ABSTRACT

The buffalo livestock is responsible for moving the economy in families in the northern

region. In order to exploit the economic, productive and reproductive potential of a species,

basic knowledge of its physiology is required. From this point of view, information about

buffaloes is incipient, especially regarding the gene expression, physiology and pathology of

the male. The expansion and higher productivity of the buffalo herd will only exist if the

genetic knowledge of the relevant traits is associated with reproductive efficiency, thus

selecting the most suitable for reproduction and having superior genetics for reproductive

traits. RNA analysis can provide important information on gene expression. Thus, the

objective of this study was to evaluate the testicles obtained from the slaughterhouse, relating

the anatomopathological, morphometric findings of the seminiferous tubules with the

identification of P450scc, 3B-HSD, P450c17, CYP19A1, STAR, PTGS1 and PTGS2 genes,

linked to spermatogenesis. in the buffalo testicle samples in the states of Amapá and Pará

The Curimatã is one of the main fish grown in the North of Brazil, being in the 10th position of the most produced species in the state of Pará in 2017, despite this, there are barriers, such as the nutritional requirement for each animal, decreasing the cultivation options due to the number of available rations, in addition to the high price, varying between 70 and 80% of spending on inputs, causing some fish farmers to make rations with ingredients found on the property. And the use of palm oil cake in the animal diet is an economical alternative that allows reusing a by-product of the industry since it has low commercial value and favorable nutritional characteristics. Thus, the present work aims to determine the apparent digestibility coefficient of palm oil cake in the diet of juvenile curimatã and its relationship with the expression of the myostatin and ghrelin genes. For this, the experiment was carried out on a private property, Farm São José, located in the municipality of Moju in the state of Pará. 300 juveniles of curimatã were used, where they were redistributed in six 1000 L capacity feed tanks. A control and a test diet (including 30% palm oil cake) were formulated and 0.1% chromium oxide was used as an inert marker, thus, three tanks received the control diet and another three received a test diet, during three times a day. Feces were collected overnight using the modified Guelph-type system. Bromatological analyzes were performed on the ingredients, feed, muscles and feces to allow the calculation of the apparent digestibility coefficient, nutrients and digestible energy of the pie and to analyze the proximate composition of the muscle. For gene expression, polymerase chain reactions were performed in real time with RNAs from the muscle, stomach and brain tissues of curimatã and the results of the expression of the myostatin and ghrelin genes were estimated by the 2-∆Ct method using 18S and GAPDH as genes of reference. With that, the means were compared by the T test, with a significance level of 5%. Thus, it was observed that the apparent digestibility coefficient of the two diets for curimatã were similar except for dry matter and crude fiber, which was lower in the animal fed with palm oil cake. Soon, the palm oil pie can be included in the diet of the curimatã, but it is necessary to make the zootechnical performance to know the ideal amount of inclusion. E It had a low relative expression of myostatin in the muscle and a higher expression of ghrelin in the brain in the T2 treatment compared with T1 treatment, indicating that the palm oil pie, besides having a good digestibility in curimatã, had beneficial effects on the animal's body.

The success of cattle ranching is dependent on several factors, including health. Babesiosis and bovine anaplasmosis are parasites that affect erythrocytes, causing cell lysis, in which sick animals tend to reduce their production, and consequently, economic losses. The objective of this work is to determine the rate of transplacental transmission and to quantitatively monitor the levels of parasitemia of B. bovis and A. marginale in crossbred Gir / Holstein calves, from birth to nine months of age, for this, 30 animals were used (15 cows and 15 calves). Blood samples were collected from the caudal vein, and subjected to DNA extraction with the commercial kit. The rate of transplacental transmission and quantification of the parasitic load of B. bovis and A. marginale was performed using the polymerase chain reaction technique in real time (qPCR). The rate of transplacental transmission for both Babesia bovis and Anaplasma marginale was observed in 100% of the animals evaluated (15/15). Parasitemia monitoring for Anaplasma marginale showed a variation, in which the second and sixth were those that obtained the highest number of DNA copies (NC), with an average of 300 thousand. For Babesia bovis, the monitoring showed a linearity in all the evaluated months, with an average of 300 thousand copies of DNA.

Proteomic analysis of Cyathula prostrata leaves submitted to Herptogramma bipunctalis attack

Manihot (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is cultivated in tropical and subtropical countries, and
Brazil is among the world's leading producers. Pathogenic biotic agents,
fungi and oomycetes, are related to rot in cassava tuberous roots and
can lead to significant losses in production. Depending on the intensity of the
infection, the roots may exhibit strong odors similar to the decomposition of
organic matter and grayish color due to mycelia or spore. While in
leaves may or may not present symptoms, because it is a pathogen that inhabits the
soil, the infection migrates from roots to leaves by conducting vessels, the symptoms are
chlorosis and necrosis, and depending on the degree of severity may compromise photosynthesis
with reduction in leaf area and stomatal opening, to form reactive oxygen species
in the chloroplast, mitochondria and perixosome. The study aims to analyze the
source-drain relationship in Manihot esculenta Crantz under inoculation of Phytopythium sp.
cause of root rot in relation to the physiological evaluations of the
primary metabolites and antioxidant system. Manivas-Seeds characterized as
tolerance and susceptible to soft rot, BRS Poti and CPATU 530, respectively,
were selected from the Germplasm Active Bank of Embrapa Amazônia Oriental.
40 plants per clone were cultured, at 6 months of age, with ~ 1 meter in height
each, were separated into 4 groups of 20 individuals. Phytopythium sp. isolated was
used to be inoculated in two groups of cassava plants, the material was
collected in different periods. Determinations were made of
gas exchange and chlorophyll a fluorescence. In foliar tissue, the determination
of chlorophyll a (Cla), chlorophyll b (Clb), carotenoids, the quantification of
concentrations of glucose, fructose, sucrose and starch in leaves and roots,
RuSISco's enzyme, SPS, phosphofructokinase, aldose, pyruvate kinase, SOD, CAT,
APX and GR. The highest values obtained for the parameters A, gs, E and Ci / Ca
were in BRS Poti (tolerant) in the presence of oomycete, it was observed that the parameters
were not associated with changes in the photochemical efficiency of PSII, since their
values were close to 0.8. The concentrations of chlorophyll a, b, total and
carotenoids were not altered and the starch concentrations were higher in the
BRS Poti treatment without oomycete, independent of the evaluated tissue.

Mining has a strong impact on terrestrial ecosystems, promoting the degradation of the soil where this activity is implanted. Besides the challenges related to the mitigation of the harmful effects of mining, the Serra dos Carajás - PA and Nova Lima - MG regions have particularities such as microbial and vegetal species adapted to the extreme conditions where the ferruginous lateritic soils (canga) are predominant. Aiming at the effective recovery of degraded areas, metaproteomics is a technique capable of contributing to the assessment of soil biochemical status both in its native state and in areas being reclaimed. The characterization of the protein profile of each condition is being performed to map, quantify and compare the most abundant biochemical functions in these environments. From soils collected under these conditions, the proteins were extracted, treated and analyzed in mass spectrometry. 356 proteins were identified in the forest soil sample and 147 proteins in the canga soil, the results also showed more functional categories in the canga soil, 66 against 42 in the forest.

Thus, the metaproteomic evidenced molecular responses of microorganisms and plants to a more severe environment and to another richer in nutrients and organic matter (OM), which has a good perspective of use for the environmental monitoring of areas of interest. In the metaproteomics of reclamation lands(RAD), the preliminary results show a lower amount of proteins identified in the exposed soil (48) than in the initial RAD (369), intermediate (119), advanced (136) and native area ). It has been investigated in this work the effect of the application of topsoil to the greater amount of proteins in the initial RAD. Although initial RAD has a greater amount of protein, functional categorization for biological processes, clustering based on protein identification points to greater similarities between the functions performed by proteins in advanced RAD soil and native soil. Thus, the evolution of the recovery, which seeks indicators in the native area as a reference, has been observed. Above all, this work should contribute to the generation of molecular markers for land reclamation processes. 

ANÁLISES FISIOLOGICAS E BIOQUÍMICAS DE Cyathula prostrata (L.) BLUME ATACADA POR Herpetogramma bipunctalis

Considerando o cenário de alterações climáticas e que o aumento de temperatura a ele associado são capazes de modificar processos fisiológicos e bioquímicos imprescindíveis à planta, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a magnitude dos efeitos do estresse térmico em mudas de açaizeiro, cultivar BRS- Pará, submetidas a alta temperatura. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação com delineamento em blocos ao acaso com três tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos consistiam de três temperaturas (28, 36 e 40ºC) estabelecidas com base na série história com as temperaturas máxima, média e mínima disponibilizadas pelo site do INMET (Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia) no período de 1995 até 2016 para seis mesorregiões paraenses. Os dados de trocas gasosas, potencial hídrico, fluorescência, biométricos e bioquímicos foram submetidos à ANOVA (teste F, P ≤ 0,05) e as diferenças entre médias de tratamentos para cada variável comparadas pelo teste Student-Newman-Keuls (SNK) usando o software R versão 3.1. Os resultados denotam que altas temperaturas afetam o desempenho fotossintético em mudas de açaizeiro, reduzem a atividade dos fotossistemas, incitam a clorose foliar, limitam a altura e influenciam em insuficiente atividade da APX no controle do estresse oxidativo

Vários estudos já foram realizados visando identificar a causa inicial do Amarelecimento Fatal (AF) no dendezeiro. No entanto a sua causa inicial segue desconhecida ou controversa. Desta forma são necessárias análises que permitam obter resultados mais convincentes. Análises proteômicas têm permitido a obtenção do perfil protéico qualitativo e quantitativo com velocidade e precisão. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar análises por 2D-UPLC/MS^E para identificar alterações nos componentes protéicos em dendezeiros com sintomas do AF. Para as análises foram utilizadas raízes de Elaeis guineensis Jacq. do tipo tenera com e sem sintomas aéreos amostradas de duas áreas de cultivo. O proteoma diferencial foi obtido por comparação entre plantas com e sem sintomas e entre plantas em diferentes estádios do AF. Os resultados revelaram o acúmulo diferencial de proteínas envolvidas principalmente em mecanismos relacionados direta ou indiretamente à resposta a estresses e ao metabolismo energético. Proteínas do metabolismo energético, incluindo a enzima álcool desidrogenase apresentaram alto acúmulo em todos os estádios de desenvolvimento do AF. Proteínas relacionadas a respostas a estresses apresentaram maior acúmulo em plantas assintomáticas quando comparado com plantas com sintomas do AF. Na comparação entre diferentes estádios as proteínas de resposta a estresse foram mais abundantes no estádio mais avançado. Estes resultados sugerem que pode haver hipoxia do solo ainda no início ou antes do aparecimento dos sintomas. Portanto alterações em fatores abióticos parecem preceder os fatores bióticos, possivelmente responsáveis pelo agravamento dos sintomas do AF. A hipótese de que o alagamento do solo pode exercer influência no aparecimento do AF não pode ser descartada.

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A espécie Piper nigrum L. (pimenteira-do-reino), pertencente ao gênero Piper,é conhecida como “rei” das especiarias. Destaca-se tanto no mercado internacional quanto nacional e tem aplicações comerciais nas indústrias alimentícias, de fármacos, entre outras. O cultivo para fins comerciais se utiliza da propagação vegetativa para produção de mudas, método que pode contribuir para disseminação de doenças, se realizada a partir de estacas de plantas matrizes infectadas. A seleção de matrizes sadias e vigorosas é essencial para o processo de propagação da espécie. O objetivo deste trabalho foi diagnosticar genótipos de pimenteira-do-reino livres do vírus Piper yellow mottle virus (PYMoV) para micropropagação e formação de plantas matrizes. As plantas originadas de sementes e meristema apical dos genótipos Cingapura, clonada e híbridos de pimenteira-do-reino, mantidas in vitro no Laboratório de Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia Vegetal da Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, Belém-PA foram indexadas para o vírus PYMoV a partir da extração de DNA de folhas e teste PCR com  três pares de primers PYMoV (F) e (R), primer 1 e primer 2. Nas plantas provenientes de sementes (Cingapura, clonada e híbridos) e do genótipo Kottanadan, proveniente de meristema, não houve a presença do vírus, apenas diagnosticado em plantas oriundas de meristema dos genótipos Apra e Bragantina. As plantas dos genótipos Cingapura e Clonada identificadas sem o vírus PYMoV foram selecionadas para a processo de micropropagação, em meio de cultura MS contendo 0,5 mg L^-1 de BAP e 0,2 mg L^-1 de AIA, em cinco subcultivos e enraizamento in vitro, cuja avaliação foi quanto à taxa de multiplicação a cada subcultivo, e média total de brotos diferenciados ao final dos cinco subcultivos, percentagem de perda por contaminação e oxidação. Os brotos gerados foram submetidos ao meio de cultura ½ de MS para indução de raízes in vitro, e avaliados quanto ao número de raiz, comprimento de raiz, diâmetro de raiz, comprimento do broto, e matéria seca da parte aérea do sistema radicular. Plantas mantida em casa de vegetação provenientes de estacas dos genótipos Cingapura e Clonada serviram como fonte de explante para o cultivo de meristema cujos explantes no processo de assepsia utilizou-se ou não o pré-tratamento térmico (±4 ºC) e cultivados em meio de cultura MS adicionado de 0,5 mg L^-1 de BAP e 0,2 mg L^-1 de AIA, 100 mg L^-1 de sulfato de estreptomicina, incialmente incubados no escuro e fotoperíodo 16.h/luz por 15 dias quando foram avaliados quanto a percentagem de perdas por contaminação e morte. Na micropropagação dos genótipos de Cingapura e Clonada, o genótipo Cingapura apresentou maior taxa de multiplicação de diferenciação de gemas e formação total de brotos após o quinto subcultivo. Os brotos após o enraizamento geraram 1816 microplantas do genótipo Cingapura, e 443 do genótipo Clonadas ao final do processo de cultivo in vitro, que estão em fase de aclimatização e formação de mudas. No cultivo de meristema, aos 30 dias de cultivo in vitro mais de 90% dos meristemas inoculados apresentavam total oxidação levando a perda, isso demonstrou que as estratégias utilizadas não foram totalmente eficientes para controlar a oxidação. O nível de oxidação no genótipo Cingapura foi elevado resultando na morte do explante. Em Clonada, apenas 4% dos explantes não apresentaram oxidação. Houve influencia do genótipo quanto à taxa de multiplicação e desenvolvimento total de brotos, que após a aclimatização das plantas e formação de mudas serão fontes de plantas matrizes. Já o material infectado é importante, além de propagação rápida do material vegetal fonte de estudos futuros visando à limpeza clonal da espécie.

Euterpe oleracea Mart. é palmeira perene, natural da Amazônia, cuja polpa dos frutos se destaca como principal produto. Esta espécie possui vários tipos dentre eles o branco cujos frutos maduros são verdes e produz polpa verde claro. Esse tipo é pouco conhecido e apresenta imensa carência por conhecimentos, especialmente sobre a divergência genética. Objetivou-se quantificar a divergência genética entre acessos de açaizeiro do tipo branco por caracteres morfoagronômicos e marcadores moleculares. Foram estudados 26 acessos conservados no banco de germoplasma da Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, representantes de seis procedências. Os acessos foram avaliados para treze caracteres morfoagronômicos e submetidos aos procedimentos RELM/BLUP e multivariados. Folíolos de cada acesso foram coletados para a extração de DNA de 222 plantas, sendo genotipadas por sete locos de SSR, desenvolvidos para E. edulis e os dados obtidos foram avaliados nos programas GEnALEx 6.5 e PowerMarker  3.5 utilizando a distância de Shared-allele. Os acessos diferiram significativamente para dois caracteres, que expressaram herdabilidades individuais e dentro de acessos no sentido restrito acima de 0,37 e 0,30, respectivamente. Os acessos formaram três e quatro grupos divergentes, enquanto as procedências, dois grupos, dependendo do método de agrupamento. O caráter peso de cem frutos (PCF) apresentou a maior contribuição para a divergência. Cinco locos de microssatélites mostraram alto polimorfismo. O número de alelos por loco variou de 2 a 46 alelos, com média de 9,2 alelos por locos. As médias das heterozigosidade observada (Ho) e esperada (He), em nível de loco, de acesso e de procedência foram de 0,600 e 657, de 0,595 e 0,599, e de 0,556 e 0,640, respectivamente, indicando elevada diversidade genética. Os índices de fixação (f) foram negativos, indicando ausência de endogamia e de excesso de homozigotos nos indivíduos. Os acessos e as procedências formaram dois grupos divergentes. Os acessos 1, 4, 11 e 12 e as procedências Limoeiro do Ajuru e Muaná, foram os mais divergentes. Assim, em caso de indicação de indivíduos para programas de melhoramento se aconselha os procedentes de Breves,  Limoeiro do Ajuru e  Muaná  por serem os mais divergentes.

CICLO BIOLÓGICO E BIOMETRIA DE UMA ESPÉCIE DE LEPIDOPTERA ALIMENTADA COM PLANTA PRODUTORA DE 20-HIDROXIECDISONA

MicroRNAs são pequenos RNAs que possuem 20-25 nucleotídeos de tamanho e são abundantes nos genomas, possuindo um papel funcional importante na regulação da expressão gênica. O recente sequenciamento dos genomas das espécies Elaeis guineenses, Elaeis oleifera e Phoenix dactylifera possibilitou a descoberta de genes de miRNAs que podem auxiliar na geração de ferramentas biotecnológicas para essas palmeiras. A predição in silico de precursores nos genomas de palmeiras foi realizada utilizando o pipeline do miRCat, com sequências de miRNA maduros de Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa e Zea mays disponíveis no miRBase. Um total de 338 precursores foram preditos, compreendendo 33 famílias de miRNAs com diferentes isoformas. A família do miR396 foi a mais representativa entre as palmeiras, totalizando sete isoformas do miRNA identificados em P. dactylifera. A conservação na estrutura do precursor do miR172 entre essas espécies, Arabidopsis, arroz, milho e banana também foi analisada através da ferramenta RNAfold. Essa análise mostrou que espécies mais próximas filogeneticamente apresentam maior conservação na estrutura do precursor. Os miRNAs maduros com precursores identificados nas três espécies de palmeiras foram utilizados na busca de potenciais genes-alvo através da ferramenta do psRNATarget. Os 374 possíveis alvos regulados por esses miRNAs foram anotados, principalmente, como fatores de transcrição. Uma análise de enriquecimento de função desses alvos pela ferramenta online agriGO mostrou alvos envolvidos em processos de controle do desenvolvimento vegetal, principalmente regulando o desenvolvimento de raiz. O conhecimento da função biológica desses precursores de miRNAs identificados em palmeiras pode auxiliar os programas de melhoramento genético dessas espécies.

As células-tronco são definidas como células indiferenciadas com potencial de diferenciação, classificadas como totipotentes, pluripotentes, oligopotentes ou unipotentes, de origem embrionária ou adulta.  As células-tronco mesenquimais (CTMs) são facilmente isoladas in vitro, devem ser positivas para CD105, CD73 e CD90, e negativas para CD45, CD34, CD79α, apresentar morfologia semelhante a fibroblasto, adesão seletiva em cultura in vitro, e potencial de diferenciação multipotente em linhagens osteogênicas, adipogênicas e condrogênicas. A utilização do Sapajus apella, em estudos biomédicos, vem crescendo muito, em razão ainda do seu pequeno porte, simples manuseio e relativa facilidade de se reproduzir em cativeiro. Objetivou-se obter as CTMs de medula óssea em Sapajus apella, avaliar a curva de crescimento celular, o cultivo e a porcentagem da viabilidade celular, as análises da morfologia antes e após a diferenciação, a imunocitoquímica e o cariótipo . Na colheita de medula óssea na crista ilíaca, utilizou-se agulha de punção 40x12 heparinizada, em decúbito lateral, seguido de separação por gradiente de densidade. As CTMs apresentaram adesão à superfície plástica, morfologia fibroblastoide, em passagens iniciais, tamanho menor e mais covexo, enquanto que em passagens mais tardias, apresentaram tamanho maior e achatado. A média da viabilidade foi 82,4% para AAO e de 78,9% para BBH. A curva de crescimento caracterizada pela fase inicial lag, seguida pela fase log exponencial, em ambos os experimentos, revelaram que estas células não sofrem alteração metabólica com a tripsinização e nem com o descongelamento. As CTMs responderam positivamente a  indução adipogênica, osteogênica e condrogênica. A expressão de marcadores de superfície foi positiva para CD105, CD73, e CD90 e negativa para CD34, CD79α e CD45. Na análise do cariótipo das CTMs não foi observado nenhum tipo de alteração/mutação cromossômica. Conclui-se que a o presente trabalho confirma a eficácia dos protocolos e materiais adotados, intervindo positivamente na viabilidade celular, capacidade de proliferação e crescimento celular. Os resultados apresentaram os critérios mínimos para serem consideradas CTMs, comprovando que a espécie Sapajus apella é um excelente modelo em estudos com células-tronco mesenquimais e terapia celular autóloga.

Os tumores mamários são neoplasias frequentes em fêmeas caninas. Representando 25 a 50% dos tumores caninos, e 50% destes são considerados malignos. São considerados especiais para os pesquisadores que trabalham com neoplasias devido a similaridades com o câncer de mama humano. A identificação de fatores de risco genéticos é fundamental para a melhoria da prevenção, diagnóstico e tratamento desses tumores. O principal fator genético envolvido na carcinogênese mamária é a alteração de genes supressores de tumor, onde está incluso o BRCA2. Quando mutado apresenta grande risco ao desenvolvimento de tumor de mama, considerando todos os  genes de susceptibilidade. Objetivamos identificar alterações na região hotspot do gene BRCA2 relacionadas com o desenvolvimento de tumores mamários caninos, com a análise dos éxons 11, 12, 24 e 27, afim de identificar alterações gênicas em tecidos tumoral e não tumoral de cadelas que apresentam tumor mamário, correlacionando as alterações encontradas com os aspectos histopatológicos, e identificando possíveis marcadores do processo tumoral para a construção de kits de diagnóstico e prognóstico da doença. Foram utilizadas amostras, de tecido mamário neoplásico e não-neoplásico de caninos, que foram submetidos à cirurgia no HOVET da UFRA. As amostras foram armazenadas em microtubos com RNA Later® e conservadas a temperatura de -20 ºC. A extração do DNA foi feita pelo método de fenol-clorofórmio, e posteriormente realizada a PCR. A identificação das alterações foi realizada no programa BioEdit v. 5.0.6, pelo alinhamento das sequências obtidas com os éxons correspondentes oriundas do GenBank. Para análise estatística foram utilizados os testes Qui-Quadrado, teste G, e Exato de Fisher, Odds Ratio através do programa BioEstat 5.0. Foram utilizadas 40 amostras de 23 animais, dos quais apenas um era macho, com faixa etária de 4 a 15 anos, de várias raças com a raça poodle sendo a mais acometida depois dos cães sem raça definida, com histogênese tumoral do tipo sarcoma sendo mais frequente. Na análise das alterações encontradas para cada éxon foram verificados no éxon 11 os eventos: A355G, CCC1954AAA, C2121A, A2414G e A511C em amostras tumorais e não tumorais; no éxon 12 ocorreu o SNP G/A com maior frequência em amostras tumorais; no éxon 24 não foram encontradas alterações genéticas nas amostras analisadas; e no éxon 27 foi verificado a ocorrência de um polimorfismo indel 10204AAA.

O feijão-caupi (Vigna Unguiculata (L.) Walp) constitui a base alimentar de milhões de pessoas em todo o mundo. Embora o caupi seja cultivado largamente no mundo, sua importância é maior em países em desenvolvimento da América do Sul, da África e da Ásia, onde as proteínas de origem vegetal perfazem 83% do total de proteínas da dieta padrão. No Brasil, as condições edafoclimáticas são favoráveis para o cultivo do feijão-caupi em todos os estados da Federação, entretanto é explorado principalmente nas regiões Norte e Nordeste do país. O estado do Pará já despontou como principal produtor da Amazônia Legal, porém, pelas condições edafoclimáticas do estado, as doenças constituem um dos principais problemas que impedem a obtenção de altos rendimentos à cultura do feijão-caupi, com destaque as viroses, pois estas são limitantes à sua produtividade. No mundo, esta Fabaceae apresenta suscetibilidade a cerca de 34 gêneros virais envolvendo mais de 119 espécies virais. No Brasil, os principais vírus que infectam o feijão-caupi são o Cowpea severe mosaic virus, o Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus, o Cowpea golden mosaic virus, o Cucumber mosaic virus e o Blackeye cowpea mosaic virus. No estado do Pará o Cowpea severe mosaic virus foi relatado infectando o feijão-caupi no município de Ponta de Pedras, na ilha do Marajó. Plantas com sintomas de infecção viral foram coletadas nos municípios de Aurora do Pará, Benevides, Bonito, Capitão Poço, Curuçá, Garrafão do Norte, Ipixuna, Paragominas, Santa Isabel, Santo Antonio do Tauá, Tailândia e Tracuateua no estado do Pará. Os vírus foram identificados sorologicamente pelo teste PTA-ELISA. Algumas das amostras diagnosticadas com vírus foram submetidas ao teste molecular RT-PCR e seu fragmento de DNA foi sequenciado e comparado com as sequências disponíveis no GenBank. Os alinhamentos das sequências foram obtidos usando o programa ClustalW, e uma árvore filogenética foi criada usando o software MEGA 5.1. 

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O sucesso de técnicas biotecnológicas no melhoramento in vitro de citros está condicionado à existência prévia de uma metodologia eficiente de regeneração de plantas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver técnicas para maximizar a regeneração in vitro das cultivares cítricas de laranja Pêra (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) e limão Cravo (C. limonia Osbeck), avaliando a ontogênese, a multiplicação, o enraizamento in vitro e a aclimatização ex vitro, pela aplicação das técnicas de cultura de tecidos. A germinação in vitro foi realizada por meio de sementes com e sem tegumento, cultivadas em meio MS, suplementados com sacarose e PVP, e após 80 DAS foram avaliadas quanto a percentagem de germinação, comprimento de radícula, comprimento de hipocótilo e comprimento do epicótilo. Para a multiplicação in vitro, segmentos de epicótilo foram utilizados como explantes, cultivados em meio MS, associados a concentrações de sacarose (0; 15; 30; 45; 60 g.L‾¹) combinadas a presença ou ausência de fitorreguladores BAP (2,0 mg.L‾¹) + ANA (0,5 mg.L‾¹).  Os resultados foram submetidos à ANOVA e teste de Tukey 5% para comparação das médias quanto ao número de gemas e de brotos e o comprimento do broto. No enraizamento in vitro, foram testadas combinações de BAP (0; 0,5 mg L‾¹), ANA (0; 0,5; 1,0; 1,5; 2,0 g L‾¹)  e AIB (0; 0,5; 1,0; 1,5; 2,0 mg L‾¹)  em meio ½ MS, para análise do número de raízes/broto, comprimento raízes, número de gemas/broto e comprimento da plântula, submetidos à ANOVA e teste de Tukey para comparação das médias. A aclimatização ex vitro, avaliou a influência dos Meios de enraizamento sobre a taxa de sobrevivência das plântulas. Para as cultivares analisadas, a germinação é hipógea, e a retirada do tegumento determinou maior velocidade na germinação com desenvolvimento satisfatório e uniformidade de crescimento da radícula, hipocótilo e epicótilo em ambas as cultivares. Os meios de cultivo contendo concentrações de 30 g.L^-1 ou 45 g.L^-1 de sacarose combinados com BAP + ANA favoreceram a organogênese in vitro de laranja-‘Pêra’ e limão ‘Cravo’, em relação ao número de gemas e brotações adventícias, bem como no comprimento das brotações de forma  satisfatória. Houve maior percentagem de enraizamento em plântulas cultivadas em meio com ausência de BAP e presença de ANA + AIB, com formação de raízes com aspectos desejáveis, favorecendo também as taxas de sobrevivência destas plântulas provenientes destes meios na etapa de Aclimatização ex vitro.

Apesar da importância da raça Santa Inês para os sistemas de produção de ovinos no Brasil, ainda são escassas as informações básicas sobre a fisiologia reprodutiva dos machos. O objetivo da pesquisa foi identificar e caracterizar proteínas do plasma seminal associadas à fertilidade em ovinos da raça Santa Inês em Manaus, AM, utilizando técnicas de eletroforese bidimensional associadas à espectrometria de massa. Foram coletadas amostras de sêmen de 08 carneiros adultos, retirando-se uma alíquota para as avaliações físicas e morfológicas do sêmen, obtendo-se o plasma seminal por centrifugação, submetidos ao perfil SDS-PAGE e à eletroforese bidimensional. A amostra de sêmen do reprodutor que apresentou melhores resultados nas avaliações físicas e morfológicas e na expressão de proteínas pelo gel unidimensional foi selecionado para a eletroforese bidimensional. Os géis foram corados com Coomassie coloidal, digitalizados e analisados no aplicativo ImageMaster 2D Platinum, versão 6.0. Os spots selecionados foram cortados individualmente do gel mestre, digeridos com tripsina e submetidos à identificação por espectrometria de massa (MALDI-Tof/Tof). Foram detectados 108 spots no gel, selecionando-se 10 spots dos quais foram identificadas 03 proteínas: a clusterina, a 14-3-3 protein zeta chain e as Ram Seminal Versicles 22kDa Protein. A identidade dessas proteínas infere que os componentes do plasma seminal de carneiros Santa Inês participam de processos fisiológicos relacionados à proteção do espermatozóide, à motilidade e à capacitação espermática, todos relacionados com a fertilidade. O conhecimento dessas proteínas contribuirá para uma melhor compreensão dos mecanismos de regulação do plasma seminal sobre a função espermática em ovinos.

O bacuri (Platonia insignis Mart.) é uma fruta natural da região amazônica do Brasil e Guiana, assim como da Colômbia e do Paraguai. Devido à grande demanda e o aumento do mercado de bacuri, ocorre a necessidade de praticar a seleção de plantas matrizes, uma vez que a exploração do fruto ocorre em bases extrativistas, redundando na irregularidade e insuficiência da produção. A utilização de microssatélites tem se destacado como ferramenta na solução de problemas na agricultura por conta de sua alta reprodutibilidade, quando comparada com outras metodologias, além de apresentar vantagem como maior elevado polimorfismo revelado. A ausência de primers microssatélites específicos para o bacurizeiro tem limitado o acesso à informação genética da espécie. Portanto, este trabalho tem como objetivo desenvolver marcadores genéticos moleculares microssatélites para estudos mais detalhados do bacurizeiro. Neste estudo, a extração de DNA do bacurizeiro foi feita a partir de folhas selecionadas do banco de germoplasma da Embrapa Amazônia Oriental. Duas técnicas foram utilizadas para a obtenção dos primers: biblioteca genômica enriquecida e sequenciamento de nova geração por meio de plataforma 454-Roche FLX. No total, 96 sequências forward e reverse foram obtidas através da biblioteca genômica, onde cinco primers foram selecionados. No seqüenciamento de nova geração, 85.909 reads foram identificadas. Deste total, 8211 contigs foram obtidos e 50 primers foram selecionados e testados suas temperaturas de anelamento em gradientes de temperatura, variando entre 57ºC a 62ºC. Os resultados demonstraram que ambas as técnicas foram eficientes para a obtenção dos marcadores microssatélites, aumentando o maior acesso ao genoma do bacuri, sendo úteis para estudos genético e moleculares posteriores.

Atualmente, o Brasil é um dos maiores produtores de pimenta-do-reino, com uma produção de 41.919 t no mercado mundial. No entanto, apesar da importância, a produtividade está sendo afetada por vários fatores, dentre os quais os fitossanitários. As doenças causadas por vírus como Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) e Piper yellow mottle virus (PYMoV) vêm provocando perdas relevantes na produção. A aplicação da técnica de cultivo de meristemas in vitro para limpeza clonal permite a produção de plantas livres de vírus. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi estabelecer um protocolo de estabelecimento de cultura de meristema in vitro visando a eliminação dos vírus CMV e PYMoV para clonagem da cultivar Kuthiravally de pimenteira-do-reino com qualidade fitossanitária. Sendo assim, experimentos foram realizados com diferentes cortes do tecido meristemático (0,1 a 0,3 mm), e o uso de antioxidantes e desinfestantes para o estabelecimento do meristema. O meio de cultura utilizado para o estabelecimento foi o MS, sacarose a 3%, vitaminas MS e suplementados com 0,5 mg L-1 do regulador  de crescimento benzilaminopurina (BAP), 0,2 mg L-1  acido indolacetico (AIA), 100 mg L-1   de sulfato de estreptomicina e diferentes concentrações (0,8%;1,0%;2,0%;3,0%) do antioxidante polivinilpirrolidona(PVP), o pH do meio de cultura foi  ajustado para 5,8 e solidificado com phytagel a 0,2% . As condições de cultivo foram de fotoperíodo de 16 h luz dia-1, com intensidade de luminosa de 3.000 lux à temperatura de 25± 3 ºC. O uso do antioxidante PVP a 3% e na concentração de 0,8% em meio de cultura evitaram a oxidação do material meristemático. A assepsia com o uso de agentes desinfestantes foi eficiente para controlar a contaminação do cultivo in vitro de meristemas. Então, para o estabelecimento de meristemas in vitro é necessário o uso de PVP e agentes desinfestantes que controlam a oxidação e contaminação, respectivamente.

O tucumanzeiro (Astrocaryum vulgare Mart.) é uma palmeira nativa de grande importância sócio-econômica na região amazônica, dotada ainda, de potencial de utilização como matéria-prima para as indústrias fármaco-cosmética, alimentícia e do biodiesel. Entretanto, a espécie ainda não foi domesticada, sendo a sua exploração realizada de maneira extrativista tendo por base suas populações de ocorrência natural. O estudo da variabilidade genética nestas populações, apesar de inédito, é fundamental para o manejo racional e por propiciar o aporte de informações úteis à conservação e o melhoramento. A forma mais prática e rápida de se acessar a variabilidade genética é através dos marcadores moleculares. Dentre os diversos tipos de marcadores existentes temos os microssatélites, considerados ideais para o estudo da variabilidade em populações naturais. Apesar de sua utilidade, eles requerem o desenvolvimento prévio para a espécie em foco. Porém a sua conservação em espécies aparentadas permite a sua transferibilidade. Desta forma, este estudo, avaliou a transferibilidade de trinta e um locos microssatélites desenvolvidos para Phoenix dactylifera, Bactris gasipaes e Astrocaryum aculeatum para o tucumanzeiro (Astrocaryum vulgare Mart.). Deste total, vinte apresentaram padrão de amplificação satisfatório, sendo considerados transferíveis para o tucumanzeiro. Dentre os vinte locos transferíveis, foram escolhidos sete desenvolvidos para Astrocaryum aculeatum, para serem aplicados em cento e dezessete amostras de DNA genômico, extraído de matrizes de tucumanzeiro representantes de diferentes localizações geográficas. Após as PCRs as amostras foram submetidas à eletroforese vertical em gel de poliacrilamida à 7%, corado com nitrato de prata. Os dados da genotipagem foram utilizados para estimar parâmetros genético populacionais e realizar a análise molecular de variância, com o auxílio dos programas Genalex e Genes, respectivamente. Os resultados indicaram a existência de baixos níveis de variabilidade genética nas populações avaliadas e, ainda que o sistema reprodutivo do tucumanzeiro seja misto, com predomínio da alogamia.